Pearlescent container

ABSTRACT

A pearlescent container comprising about 86% to about 99.99% of a thermoplastic material having a Total Luminous Transmittance value of at least about 80%, about 0.01% to about 5% of a siloxane fluid having a viscosity of no greater than about 1,000,000 cst, wherein said thermoplastic material and said siloxane fluid are immiscible, forms a lamellar structure, and have a Refractive Index difference of at least about 0.1.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of PCT China Application No.PCT/CN2011/082040, filed Nov. 10, 2011.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a pearlescent container comprising athermoplastic material and a siloxane fluid.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Containers made of thermoplastic materials, for example, polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) are popularly used in various industries includingcosmetic, laundry, and food industries. Containers having a pearlescentappearance are appealing to consumers. Consumers are more likely to buyproducts packaged within a pearlescent container since such containerstend to connote that a premium product is contained inside. Someparticles including pearlescent mica, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxideand glass fibers have been reported as being mixed with thermoplasticmaterials to make a pearlescent container, for example in JP patentpublication 2004-18629 by Fujitsu Limited. The pearlescent effect of thecontainer surface disclosed herein is achieved by the light interferenceeffect on such particles. However, the use of such particles isundesirable for a few reasons.

One reason is that the incorporation of such particles can negativelyaffect the surface smoothness of the container. Another reason is thatthe container surface is more likely to have unwanted weld lines andflow lines. A weld line is formed when separate melt fronts of themelted thermoplastic materials traveling in opposite directions meet. Aflow line occurs if two emerging melt fronts flow parallel to each otherand create a bond between them. These lines are undesirable from both anaesthetic and container strength point of view. Besides, such particlesmay also affect the recyclability of the bottle.

Other methods have been offered to provide a pearlescent appearance tocontainer. Various combinations of thermoplastic materials have beenreported to provide a pearl gray or so-called pearl-like appearance of athermoplastic article. Such mixtures include the combinations ofpolyester and methacrylic, polypropylene and nylon, polyester andpolymethyl pentene, as those disclosed in JP patent publication56056831A by Mitsubishi Rayon Co. Ltd, JP patent publication 2004292037Aby Toppan Printing Co. Ltd and EP patent publication 0456929A byShiseido Co. Ltd. The use of such thermoplastic material combinationsmay also pose processing difficulties, including that caused by theun-matching melting points of two or more thermoplastic materials, whichconsequently requires the addition of compatibilizers to overcome thisproblem. Separately, some thermoplastic materials in the combination arechemically active, for example, methacrylic, which may compromise thestability of the container made therefrom.

Silicone has been reported as being used in making various thermoplasticarticles for improving mechanical strength, for improving lubricity of athermoplastic article, and useful as a processing aid. For example, asdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,708,084 by Dow Corning, US patentpublication 2008/0167597A1 by Playtex Products, Inc and JP patentpublication 2004-018629A by Fujitsu

Therefore, there is still a need for the development of a containerwhich has a pearlescent appearance but which is without the shortcomingsof the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The first aspect of the present invention relates to a pearlescentcontainer comprising:

a) about 86% to about 99.99% of a thermoplastic material having a TotalLuminous Transmittance value of at least about 80%, and

b) about 0.01% to about 5% of a siloxane fluid having a viscosity of nogreater than about 1,000,000 cst,

wherein said thermoplastic material and said siloxane fluid areimmiscible, forms a lamellar structure, and have a Refractive Indexdifference of at least about 0.1.

The second aspect of the present invention relates to a pearlescentcontainer comprising:

a) about 86% to about 99.99% of a thermoplastic resin having a TotalLuminous Transmittance value of at least 80%, and

b) about 0.01% to about 5% of a siloxane fluid having a viscosity of nogreater than about 1,000,000 cst,

wherein said thermoplastic material and said siloxane fluid areimmiscible and have a Refractive Index difference of at least about 0.1,and wherein said container is blow molded.

The third aspect of the present invention relates to a method ofprocessing a thermoplastic resin, in which a siloxane fluid is addedinto said thermoplastic resin to form a master batch comprising about10% to about 30% of said siloxane fluid,

wherein said resin has a Total Luminous Transmittance value of at least80%,

wherein said siloxane fluid has a viscosity of no greater than about1,000,000 cst,

wherein said thermoplastic resin and said siloxane fluid are immiscibleand have a Refractive Index difference of at least about 0.1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the specification concludes with the claims particularly pointingand distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed that the presentinvention will be better understood from the following description.

It has been surprisingly found that a pearlescent container can beprovided by blow molding a polymeric composition which comprises arelatively transparent thermoplastic resin and a siloxane fluid having aviscosity of no greater than about 1,000,000 cst. The pearlescence ofthe container of the present invention is not limited to any particularmechanism of action, but is believed to result from the formation of alamellar structure composed of siloxane fluid layers and thermoplasticmaterial layers. The thickness of the thermoplastic layer may range froma few to a few hundred nanometers. The spaces between each thermoplasticlayers, which are occupied by the siloxane fluid layers, are comparableto or smaller than the visible light wave length range, i.e. 380-900nanometers. The lamellar structure is believed capable of rendering alight interference effect between the incident light and the reflectedlight, thereby leading to the pearlescent appearance of the containersurface. It has been interestingly and unexpectedly found that thelamellar structure is similar to what is found in a natural pearlcomprising calcium carbonate crystals pieces and concliolin membranes inalternating layers. Besides exhibiting pearlescence, the presentcontainer also has improved glossiness and surface smoothness, and hasreduced number of weld and flow lines.

All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total weight of thepresent container unless otherwise specified. Without being otherwisespecified, the measurement is conducted at a temperature of around 25°C. and a humidity of 50±5%.

As used herein, the term “pearlescent container” means the containersurface shows a pearl-like luster effect. The present container can be abottle, a tottle, a cap, a jar, a cup and the like. For perspective,tottle is one type of bottle which can sit on its cap end.

As used herein, the terms “thermoplastic material” and “thermoplasticresin” are defined herein as polymeric raw material that is capable ofbeing repeatedly shaped or molded with the application of heat and/orpressure. Normally, it is understood that “thermoplastic resin”represents the raw material in the form of a resin, while the“thermoplastic material” represents the finished material in athermoplastic article made from the thermoplastic resin.

As used herein, the term “siloxane fluid” refers to a siloxane which isin the form of a fluid at room temperature.

As used herein, the term “lamellar structure” means the siloxane fluidand the thermoplastic material form fine alternating layers in lamellarform. The lamellar structure can be observed in the cross-section viewof the thermoplastic material microscopically, such as through ScanningElectron Microscope (SEM). The siloxane fluid layer distributed betweenthe thermoplastic material layers can be in the form of a whole coherentpiece, or it can be in the form of a number of discontinuous pieces.

As used herein, the term “Total Luminous Transmittance (Tt)” is definedas the percentage of transmitted light to incident light. The luminoustransmittance is tested according to ASTM D-1003 “Standard Test Methodfor Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics”. A samplethickness of 2.5 mm and a tungsten lamp light source are used for the Ttmeasurement herein.

As used herein, “said thermoplastic material and said siloxane fluid areimmiscible” means there is an interface between the siloxane fluid andthe thermoplastic material. The immiscibility can be characterized bythe difference of Solubility Parameters (δ) between the resin and thesiloxane fluid.

As used herein, the term “Solubility Parameter (δ)” provides a numericalestimate of the degree of interaction between materials, and can be agood indication of solubility between polymers. Materials with similar δvalues are likely to be miscible. The Hildebrand Solubility Parameter isused herein for the present invention.

As used herein, the term “Refractive Index ( )” is expressed as a ratioof the speed of light in vacuum relative to that in another medium. RI(nD25) data is used herein, where nD25 refers to the RI tested at 25° C.and D refers to the D line of the sodium light. RI data of variousthermoplastic materials and siloxane fluids is readily available frombooks and/or online RI databases.

As used herein, the term “blow molding” refers to a manufacturingprocess by which hollow plastic particles are formed. The blow moldingprocess begins with melting or at least partially melting orheat-softening the plastic and forming it into a parison or preform,where said parison or preform can be formed by a molding or shaping stepsuch as injection molding. The parison or preform is a tube-like pieceof plastic with a hole in one end in which compressed air can passthrough. The parison or preform is then clamped into a mold and air ispumped into it. The air pressure pushes the plastic out to conform tothe shape of the mold. Once the plastic has cooled and hardened the moldopens up and the part is ejected. In general, there are three main typesof blow molding: extrusion blow molding, injection blow molding, andinjection stretch blow molding.

As used herein, the term “two or more material layers” means two or moremacro-scale layers of a container, as opposed to the nano-scalealternating layers in above mentioned lamellar structure.

The elements of the present pearlescent container are described in moredetail below.

Thermoplastic Material

The present pearlescent container comprises from about 86%, about 90 andabout 95% to about 98%, about 99%, about 99.99% by weight of athermoplastic material having a Total Luminous Transmittance value of atleast about 80%, or at least about 85%.

In the present invention, useful thermoplastic materials includepolyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS),polycarbonate (PC), polyvinylchloride (PVC), low density polyethylene(LDPE), ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA), poly(ethylene terephthalate)glycol(PETG), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN).

Useful thermoplastic material can also include blends of PET with otherpolymers, including polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate(PC), polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PC/ABS), styrenebutadiene copolymer (SBS), polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE) and thelike.

Useful thermoplastic material can also include styrene copolymersincluding acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS), styrene-butadiene blockcopolymer (SBC) and the like.

Useful thermoplastic material can also be blends of polycarbonate withother polymers, including polycarbonate/polymethyl methacrylate blend(PC/PMMA) and polycarbonate/polyamide blend (PC/PA).

Useful thermoplastic material can also be chlorinated polyvinylchloride(CPVC) or a blend of polyvinylchloride with methylmethacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer (PVC/MBS).

In one embodiment, the thermoplastic material is selected from a groupconsisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polycarbonate,polyvinylchloride, and mixtures thereof.

When more than one species of the above mentioned thermoplastic materialis used in making the present container, it is preferred that one majorthermoplastic material is used which constitutes at least about 86%,about 91%, about 95%, or about 98% by total weight of the mixture of twoor more thermoplastic materials used in manufacturing the presentcontainer.

Recycled thermoplastic materials can be used in the present invention.In one embodiment, the thermoplastic material includes a polymerselected from the group consisting of post-consumer recycledpolyethylene terephthalate (PCRPET); post-industrial recycledpolyethylene terephthalate (PIR-PET); regrind polyethyleneterephthalate; and a mixture thereof. The container made from thethermoplastic material can be recyclable as well.

Any of the thermoplastic material may be formed by using a combinationof monomers derived from renewable resources and monomers derived fromnon-renewable (e.g., petroleum) resources. For example, thethermoplastic material may comprise bio-derived (in part or whole)polymers or comprise bio-derived polymers or polymers made frombio-derived monomers.

In another embodiment, the present container comprises at least about10%, about 25%, about 50%, about 75%, about 90% or about 100% ofpolyethylene terephthalate (PET), which has a bio-derived content of atleast about 90%, about 93%, about 95%, or about 100%.

Siloxane Fluid

The present pearlescent container comprises from about 0.01%, about0.05%, and about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 1.5%, and about 5% ofsiloxane fluid having a viscosity of no greater than 1,000,000 cst. Inone embodiment of the present invention, the siloxane fluid has aviscosity of at least about 20 cst, at least about 50 cst, or at least350 cst.

The siloxane fluid can be a linear or branched polymer or a copolymer.Useful siloxane fluid can be a diorganopolysiloxane. In one embodiment,the diorganosiloxane have one or more pendant or terminal groupsselected from a group consisting of hydroxyl, vinyl, amine, phenyl andmixtures thereof. Suitable siloxane fluid includes polydimethylsiloxanehomopolymers, copolymers consisting essentially of dimethylsiloxaneunits and methylphenylsiloxane units, copolymers consisting essentiallyof diphenylsiloxane units and methylphenylsiloxane units. Mixtures oftwo or more of such siloxane fluid polymers and copolymers can beemployed, either first mixed together then combined with thermoplasticresin, or separately added to the thermoplastic resin either at the sameor different times.

In one embodiment, the siloxane fluid is a polydimethylsiloxane. Inanother embodiment, the present pearlescent container, the thermoplasticmaterial is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and the siloxane fluid ispolydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 1000 cst.

In another embodiment, the siloxane fluid is a silicone elastomer,including but not limited to an amine modified silicone elastomer.

The siloxane fluid and the thermoplastic material are immiscible andhave sufficiently different Refractive Index. This immiscibility anddifferences in Refractive Index enable the light interference to occurand become apparent between the lamellar structure composed by thethermoplastic material and the siloxane fluid. In one embodiment, thesiloxane fluid and the thermoplastic material have a SolubilityParameter difference of at least about 0.5 cal^(1/2) cm^(−3/2). Inanother embodiment, the thermoplastic material and the siloxane fluidhave a Refractive Index difference of at least about 0.1, about 0.15.

Additives

The present pearlescent container can also comprise less than about 9%,less than about 5%, or less than about 1% the following ingredientsincluding fillers, cure agents, anti-statics, lubricants, UVstabilizers, anti-oxidants, anti-block agents, catalyst stabilizers,colorants and other processing aids commonly used.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the present containercomprises less than 1%, or even less than about 0.1% of a colorantselected from the group consisting of mica, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, glass fiber,and the mixtures thereof.

Methods of Manufacturing

The present container comprises about 86% to about 99.99% of athermoplastic resin having a Total Luminous Transmittance value of atleast about 80%, and about 0.01% to about 5% of a siloxane fluid havinga viscosity of no greater than about 1,000,000 cst, wherein the resinand the siloxane fluid are immiscible and have a Refractive Indexdifference of at least about 0.1, and wherein the container is blowmolded. Blow molding includes injection stretch blow molding (ISBM),injection blow molding (IBM) and extrusion blow molding (EBM).

The method of manufacturing the present container can start from amethod of processing the thermoplastic resin to make a master batch andthen diluting the master batch with additional amounts of the same ordifferent thermoplastic materials to make a uniform blend. Additivesincluding colorants can be incorporated into the master batch duringprocessing the thermoplastic resin. The uniform blend can then besubjected to a further step of injection stretch blow molding, injectionblow molding or extrusion blow molding.

In the formation of a container using an ISBM process or an IBM process,the above processed thermoplastic material is melted and injected into apre-form (i.e., a semi-molten hollow plastic tube), then the parison isfilled with pressurized air, thereby forcing the tube to expandoutwardly to contact a mold surface in the shape of the desiredcontainer. There can be optional intermediary steps where the pre-formis cooled after forming then later re-heated before being filled withpressurized air. In the formation of a plastic container using EBMprocess, the above processed thermoplastic material is melted andextruded into a parison, and followed by the blow molding stepsmentioned above.

The methods used for manufacturing the present container may also startfrom the process of mixing siloxane fluid with thermoplastic resin intoa uniform blend without forming a master batch, and then directlysubjecting the blend to injection stretch blow molding, injection blowmolding or extrusion blow molding.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the present container is alayered container, which comprises two or more material layers. Inanother embodiment of the present invention, the present container has abarrier material layer or a recycled material layer between an outerthermoplastic material layer and an inner thermoplastic material layer.Such layered containers can be made from multiple layer parisons orpreforms according to common technologies used in the thermoplasticmanufacturing field. Within the layered container, not all of thematerial layers necessarily comprise siloxane fluid, but at least onelayer should.

In another embodiment, one or more of the container's surface materiallayers comprise siloxane fluid to provide the pearlescence, such as theoutward facing material layer which could be visible to a person whenviewing a container on a retail store shelf, or the inward facingmaterial layer which could be visible to a person when looking inside acontainer.

In one aspect of the invention, it relates to a method of processing athermoplastic resin, comprising a step of adding a siloxane fluid intothe thermoplastic resin to form a master batch comprising about 10% toabout 30% of the siloxane fluid by weight of said blend, wherein theresin has a Total Luminous Transmittance value of at least 80%, whereinthe siloxane fluid has a viscosity of no greater than about 1,000,000cst, wherein the resin and siloxane fluid are immiscible and have aRefractive Index difference of at least about 0.1.

Methods of Measurement

Pearlescent Score

The pearlescent appearance of containers of the same shape is observedby a group of 30 panelists (15 male, 15 female, average age of 28), whoare asked to rank a group of containers in the order of pearlescence.

Then, a pearlescent score for a particular container among a group ofcontainers including a pure PET container is calculated according to thefollowing formula. The pearlescent score of the pure PET bottle is usedas a reference for the calculation.

${{Score}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu} a\mspace{14mu}{container}\mspace{14mu} X} = \frac{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\;{X_{i}\mspace{14mu}\% \times I_{i}}} \right)/n}{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\;{{PET}_{i}\mspace{14mu}\% \times I_{i}}} \right)}$

-   -   Wherein,    -   n is the sample size of the group of containers tested.    -   X_(i) refers to the percentage of panelists who designate a        specific container X as having a ranking score of I_(i) (i=1, 2,        . . . n),

I_(i) refers to the ranking score corresponding to the order ofpearlescent score, where I_(I)=n, I₂=n−1, . . . , I_(n)=1.

Glossiness

An active polarization camera system called SAMBA is used to measure thespecular glossiness of the present pearlecent container. The system isprovided by Bossa Nova Technologies and a polarization imaging softwarenamed VAS (Visual Appearance Study software, version 3.5) is used forthe analysis. The front labeling panel part of the container is testedagainst an incident light. An exposure time of 55 msec is used.

The incident light is reflected and scattered by the bottle. Thespecular reflected light keeps the same polarization as the incidentlight and the volume scattered light becomes un-polarized. SAMBAacquires the polarization state of a parallel image intensity (P)contributed by both the reflected and scattered light, and a crossedimage intensity (C) of the image contributed only by the scatteredlight. This allows the calculation of glossiness G given by G=P−C.

Smoothness

The surface smoothness of the present container can be measured byAtomic Force Microscope (AFM). The surface smoothness information isgathered by “feeling” the surface with a mechanical probe. The AFMsupplied by Veeco is used herein. It is set at a contact mode for thesmoothness measurement. The detection area is on the center of the frontlabeling panel area of the bottle. An area of 580 nm×580 nm is used anddata is collected as the average value of 10 spots within the detectionarea.

Roughness measured in nm from AFM measurement can be represented byarithmetic mean value (R_(a)) of the absolute height y_(i) in verticaldirection at specific position i.

R_(a) is represented by

$R_{a} = {\frac{1}{n}{\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n}\;{{y_{i}}.}}}$

The R_(a) value increases with the roughness.

Weld Line, Flow Line

The weld lines and flow lines can be visually inspected through nakedeye observation.

Thermoplastic Material Platelet Structure

The lamellar structure of the present thermoplastic material withsiloxane fluid distributed therein can be observed via SEM (ScanningElectron Microscope) by scanning of the cross-section view of thethermoplastic material. A HITACHI S-4800 SEM system is used herein.

EXAMPLES

The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodimentswithin the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solelyfor the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed aslimitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof arepossible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Examples 1-10 represent the bottles made according to the presentinvention. Comparative Examples 1-6 represent bottles falling outside ofthe present invention.

The following materials are used in the Examples and ComparativeExamples:

-   -   1. PET, commercially available under the name of CB-602 from Far        Eastern Industries (Shanghai) Ltd. It has a Tt of 90%, a RI        (nD 25) of 1.57.    -   2. LDPE (low density polyethylene), commercially available under        the name of LDPE 868 from Sinopec MPCC. It has a Tt of 40%, a RI        (nD 25) of 1.51.    -   3. Polydimethylsiloxanes (at four viscosities 10 cst, 1,000 cst,        and 60,000 cst, 1,000,000 cst), commercially available under        XIAMETER PMX-200 siloxane fluid from Dow Corning    -   4. Ethylmethyl, methyl (2-phenylpropyl)siloxane, commercially        available as Dow Corning® 230 siloxane fluid from Dow Corning,        viscosity 1350 cSt.    -   5. Hydroxyl terminated dimethylsiloxane, commercially available        under XIAMETER PMX-0156 silanol fluid from Dow Corning,        viscosity 72 cst    -   6. Vinyltrimethoxy silane, Silquest® A-171™ from Momentive        Performance Materials    -   7. Amine modified polysiloxane elastomer, J-40, from Foshan        Yingzhi Organic Silicon Materials Co. Ltd    -   8. Golden red and Golden green are colorant mixtures comprising        pearlescent mica Iriodin® 32 from Merck in addition to silicone,        PET, dye and dispersants    -   9. Mica, Taizhu Silver white 1000, from Merck

The bottles of Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-5 can bemanufactured according to the following process.

First, a mixture of the thermoplastic resin with siloxane fluid andcolorants (if any) is prepared. A sufficient amount of siloxane fluid isadded to the thermoplastic resin so that the total concentration of thesiloxane fluid is about 10% of PET resin by weight of the blend. Then,the blend is subjected to a twin screw extruder having an extruderlength/diameter (L/D) of 43 and diameter of 35.6 mm to form the masterbatch pellets upon cooling in a water bath. When silicone fluids ofdifferent viscosities are used, the time needed to achieve a homogenousmixture with the thermoplastic resin may vary. The conditions can bedetermined by using the common knowledge of a skilled person in thispractice.

Second, the above prepared master batch is blended with thethermoplastic resin again at a let-down ratio of about 0.8% to 8% andthe resulting mixture is dried for about 4-6 hrs under 160-170° C.before using it. The dried mixture is then injection molded into atube-like preform under a barrel temperature of 260-270° C., under aninjection pressure of 70-80 MPa and at an injection speed of 60-70 mm/s.The preform is ejected out of the mold after it is cooled down.

Third, the cooled preform is heated and softened again with an infraredheating machine at 70-90° C. for about 2 minutes. Then, the softenedpreform is put into a bottle mold, and the preform is then blown into abottle under a blowing pressure of about 2.5-3.5 Mpa, at a moldtemperature of 20 to 30° C., and at a stretch ratio of 6:1 by using ablow machine Type CP03-220 from Guangzhou RiJing Inc. The bottle isejected out of mold after it has cooled down.

Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4

Examples 1-8 represent the pearlescent bottles made according to thepresent invention, and comparative Examples 1-4 represent those bottlesmade not according to the present invention. ΔRI refers to theRefractive Index difference.

TABLE 1 Comp. Comp. Comp. Comp. Example Example Example Example ExampleExample Example Example Example Example Example Example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 2 3 4 Silicone  0.4%  0.4%  0.8%  0.08%  0.4%  0.4%  0.4%  0.4% — 0.4%  0.8% — poly- poly- Poly- poly- Ethylmethyl, poly- amine poly-Vinyl- poly- dimethyl dimethyl dimethyl dimethyl methyl (2- dimethylmodified dimethyl trimethoxy dimethyl- siloxane, siloxane, siloxane,siloxane, phenylpropy) siloxane, polysiloxane siloxane, silane,siloxane, 10 cst 1000 cst 1000 cst 60,000 cst siloxane 0156, elastomer1,000,000 1000 cst, 1350 cst 72 cst cst Resin 99.6% 99.6% 99.2% 99.02%99.6% 99.6% 99.6% 99.6% 100% 99.6% 99.2% 100% PET PET PET PET PET PETPET PET PET PET LDPE LDPE 868 868 Δ RI 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.110.11-0.16 1.16-1.64 0.17 n/a 0.077- n/a n/a 0.154 Pearles- 4.66 6.176.98 2.44 3.72 3.91 2.49 2.40 1.00 1.49 n/a n/a cent scoreResults

The pearlescent score of the Examples 1-8 bottles and the ComparativeExamples 1-2 bottles is scored according to the pearlescent scoremeasurement method described in previous paragraphs. The pearlescentscores in the above Table show that all the bottles of present Examples1-8 have significantly higher scores than the pure PET bottle withoutthe incorporation of siloxane fluid of Comparative Example 1.Comparative Example 2 bottle comprising vinyltrimethoxy silane insteadof a siloxane fluid does not show a significantly pearlescentimprovement against that of the pure PET bottle.

The pearlescent score of the Comparative Example 3 bottle comprisingLDPE and polydimethylsiloxane is separately compared with a pure LDPEbottle of Comparative Example 4. The reason is because the LDPE bottleshape is different from the PET bottles of Examples 1-8 and ComparativeExample 1-2, thus making it inappropriate to be included in the sametest group with those bottles. It is found that there is no pearlescentscore improvement of the Comparative Example 3 bottle against theComparative Example 4 bottle. This result is expected since Tt of LDPEis as low as 40%, which is much smaller than the required minimum Tt ofabout 80% in the present invention.

Examples 3, 9-10 and Comparative Examples 1, 5-6

Examples 3 and Examples 9-10 represent the pearlescent bottles of thepresent invention, and Comparative Examples 1 and 5 represent thosebottles not according to the present invention.

TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 3 example 1 Example9 Example 5 Example 10 Example 6 Silicone  0.8% —  0.8% —  0.8% —polydimethylsiloxane polydimethylsiloxane polydimethylsiloxane 1000 cst1000 cst 1000 cst Colorant — — 4% Golden 4% Golden 4% Golden 4% Goldenred red green Green Resin 99.2% PET 100% PET 95.2% PET 96% PET 95.2% PET96% PET Glossiness 143 139 84 61 99 77 (G)Results

It is observed from Table 2 that the Example 1 bottle comprisingpolydimethylsiloxane shows improved glossiness versus the pure PETbottle of Comparative Example 1.

It is also observed from Table 2 that and the bottles of Examples 9-10comprising golden red and golden green colorants in addition topolydimethylsiloxane also show improved glossiness when compared to thebottles of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 which does not comprisepolydimethylsiloxane. The glossiness of a pearlescent containercomprising colorant particles is significantly improved with theaddition of polydimethyl siloxane.

Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 6

Examples 3 represent the pearlescent bottles of the present invention,and Comparative Examples 1 and 6 represent those bottles not accordingto the present invention.

TABLE 3 Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 6 Example 3 Silicone —1% mica 0.8% polydimethylsiloxane 1000 cst Resin 100% PET 99% PET 99.2%PET Roughness (R_(a)) 2.245 5.009 0.988 Weld line (Y/N) N Y N Flowline(Y/N) N Y NResults

It is observed from Table 3 that the Example 3 bottle comprisingpolydimethylsiloxane has the lowest R_(a) value (i.e., highestsmoothness) as compared to Comparative Example 1 bottle which is a purePET bottle and the Comparative Example 6 bottle which is a pearlescentbottle made including mica.

It is observed from Table 3 that the Example 3 bottle does not show weldlines or flow lines, comparing to the traditional mica pearlescentbottle of comparative Example 6 which does.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation ofany document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect toany invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in anycombination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests ordiscloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning ordefinition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning ordefinition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, themeaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shallgovern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A pearlescent container comprising: a) about 86%to about 99.99% of a thermoplastic material having a Total LuminousTransmittance value of at least about 80%, b) about 0.01% to about 5% ofa siloxane fluid having a viscosity of no greater than about 1,000,000cst, wherein said thermoplastic material and said siloxane fluid areimmiscible, forms a lamellar structure, and have a Refractive Indexdifference of at least about 0.1.
 2. The container of claim 1, whereinsaid thermoplastic material and said siloxane fluid have a SolubilityParameter difference of at least about 0.5 cal^(1/2) cm^(−3/2).
 3. Thecontainer of claim 1, wherein said thermoplastic material has a TotalLuminous Transmittance value of at least about 85%.
 4. The container ofclaim 1, wherein said thermoplastic material is selected from the groupconsisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polycarbonate,polyvinylchloride and mixtures thereof.
 5. The container of claim 1,wherein said siloxane fluid is a diorganopolysiloxane.
 6. The containerof claim 1, wherein said siloxane fluid is present in an amount of fromabout 0.05% to about 1.5%.
 7. The container of claim 1, wherein saidsiloxane fluid has a viscosity of at least about 20 cst.
 8. Thecontainer of claim 1, wherein said siloxane fluid has a viscosity of atleast about 50 cst.
 9. The container of claim 5, wherein saiddiorganopolysiloxane is a polydimethylsiloxane.
 10. The container ofclaim 5, wherein said diorganopolysiloxane has one or more pendant orterminal groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, vinyl,amine, phenyl and ethyl.
 11. The container of claim 1, wherein thethermoplastic material is polyethylene terephthalate, and the siloxanefluid is a polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 1,000 cst.
 12. Thecontainer of claim 1, wherein said thermoplastic material include apolymer selected from the group consisting of post-consumer recycledpolyethylene terephthalate (PCRPET); post-industrial recycledpolyethylene terephthalate (PIR-PET), regrind polyethyleneterephthalate, and mixtures thereof.
 13. The container of claim 1,wherein said thermoplastic material comprises a bio-derived polymer, ora polymer made from a bio-derived monomer.
 14. The container of claim 1,which comprises less than about 9% of ingredients selected from thegroup consisting of fillers, cure agents, anti-statics, lubricants, UVstabilizers, anti-oxidants, anti-block agents, catalyst stabilizers,colorants and mixtures thereof.
 15. The container of claim 14, whichcomprises less than about 1% of a colorant selected from the groupconsisting of mica, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, glass fiber and the mixtures thereof.16. The container of claim 1, which is a bottle, a tottle, a cap, a jaror a cup.
 17. The container of claim 1, which is recyclable.
 18. Thecontainer of claim 1 composed of two or more material layers, wherein atleast one layer comprises said siloxane fluid.
 19. A pearlescentcontainer comprising: a) about 86% to about 99.99% of a thermoplasticmaterial having a Total Luminous Transmittance value of at least 80%,and b) about 0.01% to about 5% of a siloxane fluid having a viscosity ofno greater than about 1,000,000 cst, wherein said thermoplastic resinand said siloxane fluid are immiscible and have a Refractive Indexdifference of at least about 0.1, and wherein said container is blowmolded.
 20. The container of claim 19, wherein said container isinjection stretch blow molded, injection blow molded or extrusion blowmolded.